Which pressure is associated specifically with water flow in the same direction as the flow process?

Velocity pressure is specifically associated with water flow in the same direction as the flow process. This pressure represents the kinetic energy of the flowing water and is influenced by the flow rate and speed of the water moving through the system. It is an essential factor in understanding how effectively the sprinkler system can deliver water during an activation scenario, as it directly relates to the momentum of the water flowing towards the sprinkler heads.

Other pressures like static pressure measure the potential energy in a standing column of water and residual pressure represents the remaining pressure available when water is flowing, which does not indicate the flow's direction or velocity. Normal pressure is not a recognized term in the context of hydraulic calculations. Therefore, understanding velocity pressure is crucial for the design and functionality of fire sprinkler systems to ensure efficient coverage when needed.